The Chinese landscape painting has a long history. In the context of social reform of China and collision and communication of Chinese and foreign cultures in the 20th century, the Chinese landscape painting started a reform course from tradition to modern mode. The huge tradition of landscape painting and influence of foreign arts formed the two powers for the development of Chinese landscaping in the 20th century and “innovation based on tradition” and “combination of Chinese and western styles” became a inevitable choice of Chinese landscape painters. The art practice of traditional painters is to follow the context of painting of man-of-letters centered on “writing” on the basis of the traditional painting to combine the natural formation and personal character, forming landscape painting style conforming to modern aesthetics. The combination-style painters absorbed and combined the concept and techniques of western painting in the creation of landscape paintings, forming a Chinese and western combination landscape painting style. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the Chinese landscape painters took the road of landscape painting creation for the purpose of describing social life and in the specific historic background, the landscape painters expanded the language of landscape painting, improved the realm of landscape paintings and created new landscape paintings with distinctive characteristics of the times in the process of describing the new appearance of mountains and rivers. The landscape paints of the three types represent the main trend of Chinese landscape paintings in the 20th century and compose the three chapters of the exhibition.