The People's Republic of China (PRC) (zhōng huá rén mín gong hé guó 中华人民共和国) commonly known as China, is the largest country in East Asia and the most populous in the world with over 1.3 billion people, approximately one-fifth of the world's population. It is a socialist republic (specifically a people's democratic dictatorship according to its constitution) ruled by the Communist Party of China (zhōng guó gòng chǎn dǎng 中国共产党) under a single-party system, and has jurisdiction over twenty-two provinces, five autonomous regions, which are Xinjiang (xīn jiāng 新疆), Inner Mongolia (nèi měng gǔ 内蒙古), Tibet (xī zàng 西藏), Ningxia (níng xià 宁夏), and Guangxi (guǎng xī 广西); four municipalities, which are Beijing (běi jīng 北京), Tianjin (tiān jīn 天津), Shanghai (shàng hǎi 上海), and Chongqing (chóng qìng 重庆); and two highly autonomous Special Administrative Regions (tè bié xíng zhèng qū 特别行政区), which are Hong Kong (xiāng gǎng 香港) and Macau (ào mén 澳门).

       
During the early years of People’s Republic of China, she take part in the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea (kàng měi yuán cháo 抗美援朝) and then there came the land reform (tǔ dì gǎi gé 土地改革), which has consolidated the power of people’s democratic dictatorship and revive the national economy.

From 1953, China has set up to carry out the socialist industrialization and three major transformations, i.e., those in agriculture, handicrafts and capitalist industry and commerce; and gradually transformed from New Democracy to Socialism. By 1956, China has fundamentally set up socialist system, and entered into the era of the primary stage of socialism.

China has made a great progress in socialist construction and laid a solid material foundation for the modernization drive. However, there were mistakes of impetuosity and premature advance, such as the Great Leap Forward (dà yuè jìn 大跃进), the movement to establish people's communes (rén mín gōng shè huà yùn dòng 人民公社化运动), and even made a serious overall mistake which is Cultural Revolution (wén huà dà gé mìng 文化大革命).

After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee (shí yī jiè sān zhōng quán huì 十一届三中全会), China has entered into a new era by carrying out opening up and reform, which is a great turning point in history. The Communist Party in China has determined the way of developing which is building socialism with Chinese characteristics, with Deng Xiaoping Theory (dèng xiǎo píng lǐ lùn 邓小平理论) as the fundamental guarantee.

Since the market-based economic reforms in 1978, China has become one of the world's fastest growing economies and the world's second largest exporter and the third largest importer of goods. Rapid industrialization has reduced its poverty rate from 53% in 1981 to 8% in 2001.

With its development, China has been of great importance in the world today, which is reflected through its role as the world's third largest economy nominally (or second largest by PPP) and a permanent member of the UN Security Council as well as being a member of several other multilateral organizations including the WTO, APEC, East Asia Summit, and Shanghai Cooperation Organization. In addition, it is a recognized nuclear weapons state and has the world's largest standing army with the second largest defense budget.

中华人民共和国
      1949年中华人民共和国的成立是中国现代史的开端。新中国成立初期，我国进行了抗美援朝战争和土地改革运动等，巩固了人民民主专政的国家政权，迅速恢复了国民经济。

      从1953年开始，我国开始进行社会主义工业化建设和对农业、手工业与资本主义工商业的社会主义改造(即三大改造)，逐步由新民主主义向社会主义过渡。到1956年，我国基本建立了社会主义制度，进入社会主义初级阶段。我国在全面建设社会主义的进程中，取得了巨大的成就，初步奠定了现代化建设的物质文化基础。但是，在社会主义道路的探索中，也出现过“大跃进”运动和人民公社化运动等急躁冒进的错误，甚至出现了“文化大革命”那样全局性的、长时间的严重错误。

      中国共产党十一届三中全会后，我国实现了历史性的伟大转折，进入了改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的新时期。中国共产党在实践中逐步找到了建设有中国特色社会主义的道路。邓小平理论指导地位的确立，成为中国实现社会主义现代化的根本保证。

　　新中国成立以来，我国在经济建设、民主法制、科学技术、国防建设、民族团结、文化教育、对外交往各方面取得显著成就。我国综合国力不断提高，国家日益繁荣富强，人民生活明显改善。“一国两制”由构想变为现实，祖国和平统一大业取得历史性进展。